The researchers developed a fabrication technique that uses self-assembled nanospheres to form a precise template that can be used to create the moth-eye-like structure on a coating.Inspired by the nanostructures found on moth eyes, scientists have developed a new anti- reflection film that could allow people to read from their smartphones and tablets even in bright sunlight."In addition to exhibiting low reflection, our nature- inspired film is also scratch resistant and self-cleaning, which would protect touch screens from dust and fingerprints," said Wu, who led the study published in the journal Optica.Although this type of adaptive brightness control can help improve readability, it also drains battery power.4 per cent, for example.The new film contains tiny uniform dimples, each about 100 nanometres in diameter (about one-thousandth of the width of a human hair).23 per cent, much lower than the iPhones surface reflection of 4.The film exhibits a surface reflection of just 0. The researchers also used standard industrial procedures to test its flexibility as well as its anti-scratch and self-cleaning capabilities.When viewed in the shade, glass with the new film showed about a ten-fold improvement in contrast ratio.The coating can also be used with flexible display applications such as phones with screens that fold like a book, which are expected to hit the market as soon as next year.Many of todays smartphones use a sensor to detect bright ambient light and then boost the screens brightness level enough to overcome the strong surface reflection.Looking for a simpler approach to improve screen readability outside, the researchers turned to nature..The simplicity and precision of this process allowed fabrication of the intricate structure in a Portable Bluetooth Audio lamp film large enough to apply to a mobile screen.Tests of the film after optimisation showed that when viewed in sunlight, glass covered with the new film exhibited a more than four-fold improvement in contrast ratio – the difference between the brightest white and darkest black.The eyes of moths are covered with a pattern of antireflective nanostructures that allow moths to see in the dark and prevent eye reflections that might be seen by predators.Reflection is the major reason it is difficult to read a phone screen in bright sunlight, as the strong light reflecting off the screens surface washes out the display."Using our flexible anti-reflection film on smartphones and tablets will make the screen bright and sharp, even when viewed outside," said Shin-Tson Wu from the University of Central Florida in the US. Other methods for solving the sunlight visibility problem have proved difficult to implement

5 for females, and 6 to 0. This suggests that removal of the flowers could be a new way to shift inherently high malaria transmission areas to low transmission areas, making elimination more feasible. Villages infested with Prosopis juliflora also had a higher proportion of mosquitoes with a sugar meal in their gut, which enhances their survival.7 for male mosquitoes. After a first round of analysis was conducted to assess mosquito populations, the researchers cut all the flowering branches from Prosopis juliflora in three of the six infested villages, before setting up light traps to determine the effect removal of the shrub had on mosquito vector populations.Light traps to catch mosquitoes were set up across nine villages in the Bandiagra District, six of which were home to flowering Prosopis juliflora and three that had no presence of the shrub.The researchers found that villages where they removed the flowers saw mosquito numbers collected in the traps fall from an average of Wholesale Outdoor Umbrella Tent Lighting 11 to 4. Prosopis juliflora is a robust plant that grows rapidly and has become one of the worst invasive plants in many parts of the world. The study is published in the open access Malaria Journal. After flower removal, the number of older more dangerous vector females in the population dropped to levels similar to those recorded in the villages that had no presence of the shrub. This proportion was reduced 5-fold following removal of the flowers. Removing the flowers from villages in Mali decreased the local mosquito vector population by nearly 60%, according to the study carried out in the Bandiagra District in Mali..Washington: A new study has found that removing the flowers of an invasive shrub from mosquito-prone areas might be a simple way to help reduce malaria transmission." Muller added, "Our results show that removal of this particular shrub reduces total population levels of mosquitoes and reduces the number of older female mosquitoes in the population, which are known to transmit malaria parasites to humans."The study focused on the removal of the flowers of the invasive shrub Prosopis juliflora, which is native to Central and South America but was introduced to new areas in the late 1970s and early 1980s as an attempt to reverse deforestation. The total number of mosquitoes across these villages decreased by nearly 60% after removal of the flowers. The shrub now occupies millions of hectares on the African continent, including countries such as Mali, Chad, Niger, Ethiopia, Sudan and Kenya.According to the researchers, it may be worthwhile to abstain from the introduction of exotic plants that have the potential to become invasive, not only because of their potential negative impacts on the environment and livelihoods, but because some of them may have negative significant consequences for public health and specifically for malaria.Lead author Gunter Muller from Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School said: "Mosquitoes obtain most of their energy needs from plant sugars taken from the nectar of flowers so we wanted to test the effect removing the flowers of the shrub Prosopis juliflora would have on local mosquito vector populations